Beyond Fuel: How Brazil Plans to Export Biomethane Technology to the Global South

A study made for Instituto MBCBrasil says Brazil may sell biomethane know-how to other countries. It points to growing world demand for cleaner transport fuels. The work was done by teams from the University of São Paulo, the Federal University of Itajubá, the Agronomic Institute of Campinas, and Mauá Institute of Technology.

The report also looks past fuel output. It says Brazilian firms could provide more than one kind of service and product. That includes biodigesters, gas cleaning units, and ways to move liquid biomethane. It also mentions linked solutions that tie renewable gas production to making low-carbon fertilizer.

The study highlights the sugar and ethanol industry as a key base. It estimates a biomethane production potential of 41.4 billion cubic meters each year. That number is put at more than 41 billion liters of diesel. Still, the report says under 2% of this potential is used today.

Glaucia Mendes Souza, a professor at USP, helped lead the study. She is also linked to IEA Bioenergy Task 39. In the report, she says Brazil’s chance is not only to make the fuel. She adds that Brazil can also take the role of supplier of technology, equipment, engineering work, and connected solutions for other places trying to cut emissions.

The study said this know how could be shipped to Latin America, parts of Asia, and parts of Africa. Those places have a lot of farm waste. They also do not have enough biodigestion systems. It noted that Brazilian firms such as Cocal, Raizen, Sao Martinho, and Adecoagro have already built biomethane plans. They use vinasse and sugar cane leftovers. For the 2024/25 crop season, Brazil handled about 680 million tonnes of sugar cane. The study put vinasse output at about 380 billion liters.

Biomethane is made after biogas is cleaned up. The biogas starts when organic material breaks down. In Brazil, the biggest inputs include landfill material and farm waste. That includes waste from livestock, vinasse, and filter cake from sugar and ethanol mills. After cleanup, the fuel acts much like fossil natural gas. It can be used for heat, for factory use, and for transport. It can also be put into existing gas lines.

The report also said the world market can grow more. It said biomethane is made in around 40 countries. It is also used for transport in close to 30 markets. It estimated global sustainable biogas and biomethane at about 1 trillion cubic meters each year. That is about a quarter of today’s natural gas use worldwide. It added that the European Union wants 35 billion cubic meters of biomethane per year by 2030. It said this is supported by plans for about 37 billion euros in investment.

Switching diesel to biomethane can lower well to wheel carbon dioxide equivalent output by about 45% to 75%, based on the study. In certain waste and manure setups, the result can look even lower than zero. It may show a negative 246% gap versus diesel once methane leaks that would have happened are factored in.

The fuel might also hold up on price for large trucks and fleets. In total cost of ownership runs, compressed natural gas or biomethane came out to $1.73 per km. Diesel was $1.87 per km. The study also noted that in Brazil, biomethane could be roughly 30% cheaper than diesel in one case, or about 25% more expensive in another.

Comgás targets small and medium-sized customers

Comgás has rolled out a new biomethane option for smaller and mid-sized firms in Sao Paulo state. It is offered under a regulated structure. The name of the program is Mercado Cativo Verde.

At the start, the deal includes 2,673 cubic meters of biomethane each day. Over time, it can rise up to 50,000 cubic meters per day. That depends on how demand grows and how supply and rules play out.

The Sao Paulo Public Services Regulatory Agency approved the plan. Before this, getting biomethane from the distributor mainly worked for big industrial users. Those customers were in the state’s free gas market. That free market makes up roughly 80% of Comgás sales volume.

Now the focus is on other types of buyers. The list includes smaller factories. It also includes refrigeration operators, cogeneration projects, and mobility users. Examples are commercial fleets and compressed natural-gas stations.

Comgás says it will put about 10 billion reais into the effort through 2029. The spending is meant for things like expanding the network. It also covers resilience work and new links between biomethane producers and end users. The company also expects more room for its buyers in the free gas market in 2029. It also expects higher demand tied to decarbonization in commercial fleets.

Henrique Sonja, the supply director at Comgás, said the program is meant for customers who want biomethane as part of their sustainability work. He added that they also want the steadiness of a regulated market, without extra complexity.

Buyers are not asked to take the exact physical molecule made by a supplier. What they do must still be checked. The system requires that an equal volume be proven to be made, fed into the network, and then bought. After that, each volume’s environmental claim is logged in a tracking tool. When the purchase is completed, that entry is closed. This is meant to stop the same claim from being used again or resold.

The setup also relies on Biomethane Guarantees of Origin. These were made under Brazil’s Fuel of the Future law. Their job is to show the fuel’s renewable source and keep a clear trace. Comgás intends to charge for the biomethane and the environmental claim in one bill. The charge will follow the regulated market tariff rules.

In 2025, Brazil made 1.06 million cubic meters of biomethane each day. That is against a figure of 120 million cubic meters per day for technical potential. ABiogás, an industry group, set that estimate. ABiogás also says the biogas and biomethane chain could pull in 246 billion reais in investment. It could also create 110,000 jobs by 2035.

By June 2026, Brazil had 21 plants that were allowed by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels. Those plants had a combined installed capacity of 1.33 million cubic meters per day. At the same time, 48 more plants were in the approval process. If that work stays on track, total national capacity could reach 3.37 million cubic meters per day by 2028.

Brazil Launches “PocketFab” to Produce Millions of Semiconductor Chips Locally

The University of São Paulo (USP), Senai and Fiesp has inaugurated the first unit of its "PocketFab" project, a pioneering initiative aimed at producing up to 60 million semiconductor chips per year through a network of compact, modular, and sustainable micro-factories.

The project seeks to reduce Brazil’s heavy reliance on imported electronic components, particularly for the automotive, medical, and industrial sectors.

A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MANUFACTURING

Unlike traditional multi-billion dollar semiconductor mega-fabs, the PocketFab model, or "pocket factories", focuses on accelerating innovation cycles within small, 150-square-meter facilities.

"PocketFab represents a paradigm shift in semiconductor production. It is a modular, flexible, and non-massive factory designed to be portable and scalable," said Marcelo Knörich Zuffo, coordinator of USP’s Innovation Center.

The project is a collaborative effort between USP, which handles chip design, and SENAI-SP, responsible for validation, industrial integration, and professional training. The Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo (FIESP) also provides key support.

TARGETING CRITICAL SECTORS

The production will address chronic shortages in several high-growth areas:

• Automotive Industry: Chips for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), safety, and connectivity;
• Industrial Automation: Smart sensors for predictive maintenance and advanced machinery;
• Healthcare: Components for medical devices and health monitoring equipment.

NATIONAL EXPANSION AND JOB CREATION

The first unit, capable of producing 10 million chips annually, will serve as a blueprint for nine additional hubs across Brazil. Once fully operational, the 10-factory network is expected to create up to 5,000 jobs, including positions for engineers, researchers, and technicians.

The initiative has already engaged in direct dialogue with major industry bodies, including ANFAVEA (automakers), ABIPLAST (plastics), and ABINC (Internet of Things), to align production with market demand.

While a definitive timeline for the remaining nine units has not been set, the project marks Brazil's most significant step toward technological sovereignty in the semiconductor space.

Brazil's New Chip Could Revolutionize Medical Diagnostics

A team of researchers from Brazil and the United States has developed a high-density two-dimensional chip capable of performing dozens of simultaneous electrochemical analyses, potentially revolutionizing the speed and cost of clinical diagnostics.

The study, published in the scientific journal ACS Sensors, demonstrates the chip's versatility in monitoring cancer cell proliferation, detecting Mpox virus biomarkers, and measuring phosphate levels in synthetic human urine.

HIGH-THROUGHPUT DIAGNOSTICS

The primary goal of the innovation is to drastically reduce analysis time for clinical exams. By using a portable device to measure electrochemical properties, the chip allows for high-throughput testing, where multiple substances can be monitored on a single platform.

"The chip can have multiple functionalities, provided the active sensing layer is adapted for the specific substances to be detected," said Professor Osvaldo Novais de Oliveira Junior from the Institute of Physics of São Carlos (IFSC-USP).

Beyond electrochemical methods, the researchers suggest that machine learning could be applied to analyze chip images for even faster and more automated diagnoses.

SCALING FROM LABORATORY TO MARKET

While the laboratory-scale production has been proven successful, the researchers emphasize that moving to mass production will require significant investment in device engineering to ensure reproducibility across thousands of units.

"This type of investment only makes sense if there are companies or clinical analysis laboratories interested in bringing these tests to market," Oliveira Junior noted, highlighting that clinical certification depends on large-scale, reproducible results.

GLOBAL COLLABORATION

The project is a result of a partnership between the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), the IFSC-USP, and the University of Colorado in the United States. The multidisciplinary team included experts from the University of Campinas (Unicamp) and the Federal University of the ABC (UFABC).

Brazil’s Top University Proposes ‘Pocket Fabs’ to Reduce Reliance on Global Semiconductor Supply Chains

The University of São Paulo researchers developed a semiconductor manufacturing model which helps Brazil decrease its risks from international political conflicts and worldwide supply chain dependencies. 

The project, created through collaboration with important Brazilian industrial federations, like Fiesp, focuses on developing Pocket Fabs, which are compact automated manufacturing facilities that produce specific products for local markets. The proposal seeks to offer an alternative to the traditional multibillion-dollar “megafab” model that dominates the global chip industry, and creates cartels, as is the case in the US.

Rethinking Scale in Chip Production

The researchers at USP show that semiconductor processing costs remain constant across all plant sizes for each square millimeter of semiconductor processing. The assessment establishes the framework for implementing right-sizing through which manufacturers adjust their production capacity according to specific regional and sector requirements instead of matching their output to compete with major Asian and American manufacturers.

Pocket Fabs will operate under its plan to deliver services mainly to the automotive and aerospace sectors of Brazil which use established certified chip designs that worldwide manufacturers no longer develop.

The project targets a daily production goal between 200 thousand and million chips which researchers consider sufficient to fulfill, for example, the needs of Brazil's automotive industry. The same strategy would be applied to other sectors such as aviation and clean energy generation companies that also need a certain number of chips per year.

Reducing External Dependence

Brazil maintains an annual electronics trade deficit of about $50 billion which matches its expenses for imported chemical materials. Project leaders like Marcelo Knorich Zuffo describe the Pocket Fab strategy as a move toward greater technological autonomy.

"The researchers stated that we reached a point in human development where chip technology now serves as an essential component for global economic progress. The nations that maintain control over this technology will obtain economic advantages during trade disputes which will leave less powerful countries vulnerable", said Zuffo.

According to him, the USP team can develop adaptable production systems for specific industrial sectors by choosing to focus on "additive micromanufacturing" and "heterogeneous packaging" methods.

Automation and Environmental Efficiency

The proposed facilities would also emphasize automation and environmental efficiency. The plants operate as "Green Fabs" because advanced robotics and artificial intelligence systems will handle most of the work in cleanroom settings. The approach enables energy savings through its design which reduces requirements for extensive climate control equipment.

Intel and Samsung Electronics continue to build semiconductor manufacturing plants in the United States and China which creates a framework for this initiative to work within its global industrial context. 

The Pocket Fab model from USP provides decentralized manufacturing through its distributed production network which proponents believe will help developing countries build domestic chip manufacturing capabilities while decreasing their dependence on centralized global supply systems.

Brazil loses placement of seventh largest economy on the planet to Indonesia

Brazil is no longer the world's 7th largest economy. According to the IMF, the Brazilian share of world goods and services production, which was 4.4% in 1980, reached 2.5% last year, the lowest rate ever since. The data refer to the share of global GDP in purchasing-adjusted dollars, which reflects differences in the cost of living between countries. As a result, in 2018, Brazil lost the position of the seventh largest economy in the world, which it had held since 2005, to Indonesia. The difference is that Indonesia's GDP has grown above 5% a year since the Asian crisis of 1998.

The figures indicate that Brazil's relevance to the global economy declines considerably after six years of the economic crisis that began under Dilma Rousseff's government, passed by Michel Temer's government and is now under the administration of Jair Bolsonaro. The Brazilian economy is practically stagnant compared to growth of 1.2% in the last two years and the growth forecasts for 2019 are getting smaller. It is undeniable that the last three governments, the last Brazilian governments (Dilma, Temer, and Bolsonaro), have committed many misconceptions when directing the country's macroeconomic policies.

According to Laura Carvalho, an economist, and professor at University of São Paulo (USP), Brazilian governments should collect more taxes from the rich and make investments in innovation and services go hand in hand. For her, the recessive adjustments proposed by the current government will continue amid the scrapping of physical and social infrastructure.

For the economist, Nelson Marconi, of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), the fiscal adjustment is the big issue of the Brazilian economy. According to him, the proposed Pension Reform of the government of Jair Bolsonaro will worsen the living conditions of those who need it the most because it does not fight the privileges and reaches mainly low-income workers.